Art of constructing chimneys or stacks.



No. 785,779. PATENTED MAR. 28, 1905.

G. H. THIRSK.

ART OF GONSTRUGTINGCHIMNEYS 0R STAGKS. APPLICATION FILED DEC. 5, 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 1. 7

.No. 785,779. I PATENTED MAR. 28, 1905.

' G. H. THIRSK.

ART OF OONSTRUGTING OHIMNEYS 0R STAOKS.

APPLICATION FILED DEC. 5, 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHEBT 2.

No. 785,779. v PATENTED MAR. 28, 1906. G. H. THIRSK.

ART OF GONSTRUGTING CHIMNBYS 0R STAGKS. APPLICATION FILED DBO. 5, 1904.

4 SHEETS-SHBET 3.

No. 785,779. PATENTED MAR. 28, 1905. G. H. THIRSK.

ART OF GONSTRUGTING UHIMNEYS OR STAGKS.

. APPLIOATION FILED D30. 5, 1904.

4 BHEET8-BHEBT 4.

Patented. March 28, 1905.

PATENT OEEIcE.

GEORGE H. THIRSK, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

ART OF CONSTRUCTING CHIMNEYS OR STACKSQ SPECIFICATION forming part ofLetters Patent No. 785,779, dated March 28, 1905.

Application filed December 5,1904. Serial No. 235,530.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE H. THIRsK, a

citizen of the United States, residing at the city of Philadelphia, inthe county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in the Art of Constructing Chimneysor Stacks, of which the following is a specification.

. My invention has relation to improvements in the art of constructingchimneys or stacks, and in such connection it relates particularly tothe arrangement, shape, and size of brick employed in the constructionof a tapering chimney or stack, with the provision in such a structureoftrue vertical and lateral bonding of the same.

The principal object of my invention is to construct an angular chimneyor stack of any required dimension and taper and with a true lateralandvertical bond throughout with two types of brick, whereof one consistsof two diiferent size rectangular bricks forming the sides of thestructure and producing the true lateral and vertical bond therein andwhereof the other type consists of two different size angular bricksdivided into a series of brick of constantly-decreasing size to form thecorners of the structure and to permit of the production of any requiredtaper therein and permit, in conjunction with said rectangular brick, atrue lateral and vertical bond at the point of juncture of one type ofbrick with the other type of brick.

Hitherto it was impossible to construct a tapering chimney or stackangular in crosssection with a true lateral and vertical bondthroughout, since all the bricks employed in such structures were of thesame size and shape and for this reason did not permit of the formationof a true bond, but only of a so-called staggered bond, which renderedsuch structures weak and unsafe. With one exception, however, variedsize bricks were used. This was in the construction of chimneys orstacks circular in cross-section, in which the bricks in order to attainthe required taper were of uniformly-decreasing size, which neverthelessdid not produce a true bond, and, furthermore, they were expensive toproduce by reason of requiring a great number of molds, as well asskilled labor in the handling of the same for the installing of thestructure.

The nature and scope of my invention will be more fully understood fromthe following description, taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, forming part hereof, in which 7 Figure 1 is a side elevationalview, partly in section, of a chimney or stack embodying main featuresof my present invention. Figs. 2, 3, and 4 are cross-sectional views ofdifferent portions of an octagonal chimney or stack, as shown in Fig. 1,illustrating in top or plan view the arrangement of the rectangularbricks and angular bricks to produce a true bond in the courses ofbricks and the taper in the external and internal corners or anglesthereof. Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8 are perspective views illustrating,respectively, the largest and smallest of two sets of angular bricksadapted to form the corners or angles of the chimney or stack. Figs. 9and 10 are similar views illustrating, respectively, two types ofrectangular bricks adapted to form the sides of the chimney and a truebond therein. Figs. 11, 12, 13,.1 L, 15, 16, and 17 are detail viewsillustrating in top orplan View the largest and smallest of the two setsof angular bricks and of bricks intermediate thereof. Fig. 18 is. adetail view illustrating in top or plan View a modified form of arectangular brick; and Figs. 19 and 20 are detail views similar to Fig.3, illustrating certain features of my invention. I

Referring to the drawings, with particular reference to Figs. 5 to 17,inclusive, a and (0 represent rectangular bricks, and b and Z) representangular bricks, all of which are of the same uniform height. Therectangular brick a is preferably of twice the size of the rectangularbrick a; but both their faces a and a and a" and (0 either of which maybe exposed in the sides A and A* of the chimney or stack A, (shown inFig. 1,) are of the same size, whereas the sides (0* and a of the brick(L is of twice the size as the sides a and a of the brick a. The angularbricks b differ from the angular bricks b in that they are larger andare exclusively employed to form the outer corners or angles of thechimney or stack and will be hereinafter called the outer angularbricks. In the present instance the outer faces 6 and 7)" and innerfaces 6* and Z) of the bricks b are arranged at an angle of one hundredand thirty-five degrees to each other in order to permit of theconstruction of an octagonal chimney or stack. It is, however, obviousthat the faces 5 and b and 6* and I) may be arranged at an anglediflering from that shown when an angular stack of any other shape thanan octagonal shape is to be constructed with the aid of the angularbricks b. The ends I) and b of the angular bricks 6 are arranged at anangle of forty-five degrees to each other and at a right angle to theouter and inner faces 6 and 7) and b and b of the bricks b to permit ofthe joining of a rectangular body thereto, which in the present instanceis formed by the rectangular bricks a and a. The angular bricks b aresmaller than the bricks 1), since the same are designed to form theinner corners or angles of the chimney or stack A. The outer and innerfaces 6 and b" and If and 7), as well as the ends Z1 and I), arearranged at the same angle to each other, as hereinbefore explained, inconjunction with the faces and ends of the angular bricks 6. Theseangular bricks 6, according to their use in the stack or chimney A, willhereinafter be called the inner angular bricks. In order to produce acertain taper in the height of the stack A, the outer angular bricks bin the present instance are divided into a series of twenty-one bricksof constantly-decreasingsize and forconvenience sake are numbered from 1to 21, inclusive, in the drawings. The inner angular bricks 6 are alsodivided in a series of twenty-one bricks of constantly-decreasing size.

The rectangular bricks a and a and the outer and inner angular bricks band 6 permit of the construction of an octagonal chimney or stack A,such as shown in Fig. 1, or of any other required dimension and taper ofstack or chimney to that shown and with a true vertical and lateral bondthroughout by the arrangement of the same in the following manner: Thebase A of the chimney A may be built of stone, concrete, common orstandard brick, or with the rectangular bricks (1/ and a, ashereinbefore described. The base A being square in cross-section, thebatter A is formed in the usual manner; but in the present instance ithas been formed with the angular and rectangular bricks until thechimney has reached an octagonal shape. After this stage in theconstruction of the chimney has been arrived at the largest or first ofthe outer corner-bricks b is used, and to produce the taper in properproportion in the chimney or stack A in the present instance threecourses of each number of angular bricks I) numbered 2 3 i &c., are usedin regular sequence, as clearly shown 111 Fig. 1. When the taper amountsto half of the width of a rectangular brick, which corresponds to halfof the width of the faces a and (4 thereof, it will be found that theangular brick 21 will be reached. From this point on the series of outerangular bricks 5 commence anew with N o. 1, and there will be usedoneless retangular brick on each face A of the chimney in each of thecourses of brick above the angular bricks 21. By this arrangement ofangular bricks in the corners or angles A of the chimney or stack A, inconjunction with the rectangular bricks arranged intermediate thereto,the formation of a true bond is made possible in the entire structure ofthe chimney or stack, which in this art is termed a plumb bond. Wherethe thickness of the walls of the chimney A varies, owing to differentheights of the same, there may be used in the construction of the wallseither one or more of the larger rectangular bricks a and one or more ofthe outer angular bricks b, as shown in Fig. 2, or these largerrectangular bricks a and angular bricks b may be used in conjunc tionwith the smaller rectangular bricks a and angular bricks b, as shown inFigs. 3 and 4. In the latter case the rectangular bricks a and a in thedifferent courses of bricks will be placed alternately on the outsideand inside faces A and A of the stack A, as shown in full and dottedlines in Figs. 3 and 4, and in such manner will permit of the formationof a true lateral and vertical plumb bond throughout the structure.However, a true vertical bond can also be obtained by the arrangement ofthe rectangular bricks a and angular cornerbricks b, in which instancethe corner-bricks form both the outer and inner corners or angles A andA of the chimney or stack, as shown in Fig. 2 and in the upper portionof Fig. 1. The true bond in the structure of chimney shown in Figs. 3and 4; is, however, only made possible by the placing of the innerangular brick numbered 1 inside of the outer angular brick numbered 1,as will be readily understood in conjunction with Figs. 11 and 15, andin continuing this arrangement of angular bricks?) and 5 until thebricks num bered'? are reached. As shown in Fig. 16, the brick 7 of theinner angular bricks is the smallest brick in the arrangement of thisseries of twenty-one bricks, and after this brick numbered 7 has beenreached the brick 8 is used in conjunction with the outer angular brick8 in regularsequence. Inthepresentinstance,howver, the inner angularbrick Sis the largest in the series of twenty-one bricks ofconstantlydecreasing size, and this difference in the relative sizes ofthe inner and outer angular bricks numbered 8 is necessary, because thebrick numbered 7 is as small as can be used, for the reason that theface 6 of the inner angular brick is reduced to zero by the regulardecrease in size in the series, as clearly shown in Fig. 19. In Fig. 20is shown the next course-that is, where No. 8 of the angular bricks areused. Instead of using angular bricks in sets of three courses of thesame number or size, as shown in Fig. 1, sets of any other number ofcourses of angular bricks may be used. This arrangement ofbricks'depends upon the taper of the stack desired.

In order to construct the flue B in the chimney or stack A of a sizediffering from that shown in Fig. 1 or of varying sizes, it is necessaryto commence with an angular brick intermediate of the Nos. 1 to 21. WhenNo.

. 21, however, has been reached, the nextcourse of superposed corner orangle bricks in series commences with No. 1 in regular sequence untilthe desired height of the chimney has been obtained. In order todecrease the weight of the angular as well as the rectangular bricks,the same may be indented, as shown in Figs. 5 to 10, inclusive, or maybe perforated, as shown in Fig. 18.

Having thus described the nature and object of my invention, what Iclaim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A chimney or stack composed of angular brick, each brick slightlyless in size than the preceding one to form the corners of the chimneyor stack and taper therein, rectangular brick to form the sides of thechimney or stack, and said angular brick and rectangular brick arrangedin courses adapted to provide a true bond throughout of the structure.

2. A chimney or stack composed of angular brick in series, each brick inseries slightly less than the preceding one to form the corners of thechimney or stack and taper therein, rectangular brick of two fixed sizesto form the sides of the chimney or stack and said angular brick and thetwo types of rectangular brick arranged in courses adapted to provide atrue bond throughout of the structure.

3. A chimney or stack, composed of two types of brick, one typeconsisting of rectangular brick and the other consisting of angularbrick, the angular brick adapted to form the inner and outer corners andthe rectangular brick in conjunction with the angular brick adapted toform the sides of the chimney and by the courses of brick formed toprovide a true plumb bond throughout of the structure.

1. A chimney or stack, composed of two types of brick, one typeconsisting of angular bricks and the other consisting of rectangularbrick, the angular bricks in series superposed adapted to form theexternal and internal corners or angles and taper of the stack, and therectangular brick in conjunction with the angular bricks adapted to formthe sides of the stack and by the courses of brick formed to provide atrue plumb bond throughout of the structure.

5. A chimney or stack, composed of two types of brick, one typeconsisting of angular bricks and the other consisting of two differentsize rectangular bricks, the angular bricks in series superposed adaptedto form the external and internal corners or angles and taper of thestack, and the rectangular bricks adapted to form intermediate of saidangular corner-bricks and in conjunction therewith the sides of thestack, and by the courses of bricks formed to provide a true plumb bondthroughout of the structure.

6. A chimney or stack, composed of two types of brick, one typeconsisting of angular bricks and the other consisting of two differentsize rectangular bricks, the angular bricks superposed and each brick ofslightly less size than the preceding one adapted to form the externaland internal angles or corners and taper of the stack, and therectangular bricks adapted to form intermediate of said angular bricksand in conjunction therewith the sides of the stack, and by the coursesof bricks formed to provide a true lateral and plumb bond throughout ofthe structure.

7. A chimney or stack, composed of two types of brick, one typeconsisting of two different size angular bricks and the other consistingof two different size rectangular bricks, the angular bricks adapted toform the external and internal corners or angles of the chimney and therectangular bricks intermediate of said angular corner-bricks and at thepoint of junction with the same adapted to form courses of brick toprovide a true lateral and plumb bond throughout of the structure.

8. A chimney or stack, composed of two types of brick, one typeconsisting of two different size angular bricks and the other typeconsisting of two different size rectangular bricks, the angular bricksin series adapted to form the external and internal corners or angles ofthe chimney and the rectangular bricks to form intermediate of theangular cornerbricks and at the point of junction therewith courseswhereby is provided a true lateral and plumb bond throughout of thestructure.

9. A chimney or stack, composed of two types of brick, one typeconsisting of twodifferent size angular bricks and the other typeconsisting of two different size rectangular bricks, the angular bricks,in series superposed, and each brick in the series of slightly less sizethan the preceding one adapted to form the external and internal cornersof the stack and the taper thereof and the rectangular bricks adapted toform intermediate of the angular bricks and at the point of junctionwith the same, courses, whereby is provided a true lateral and plumbbond throughout of the structure.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

GEORGE H. THIRSK.

Witnesses:

J. VVALTEP. DOUGLASS, THOMAS M. SMITH.

